Introgression, the exchange of alleles between species, is a common event in nature. This transfer of alleles between species must happen through fertile hybrids. Characterizing the traits that cause defects in hybrids illuminate how and when gene flow is expected to occur. Inviability and sterility are extreme examples of fitness reductions but are not the only type of defects in hybrids. Some…
The basal ganglia (BG) show diverse functions for motor and cognition. Here, we are concerned about action selection performed by the BG. Particularly, we make…
Classical models of tool knowledge and use are centred on dorsal and ventral parietal pathways. Theories of semantic cognition implicate a ‘hub-and-spoke’ network, centred on…
Genetic studies find hundreds of thousands of noncoding variants associated with psychiatric disorders. Massively parallel reporter assays (MPRAs) and in vivo transgenic mouse assays can…
Corticospinal neurons (CSN) centrally degenerate in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), along with spinal motor neurons, and loss of voluntary motor function in spinal cord injury…
Layer 6 corticothalamic (L6 CT) neurons provide massive input to the thalamus, and these feedback connections enable the cortex to influence its own sensory input…
Healthy and successful living involves carefully navigating rewarding and threatening situations by balancing approach and avoidance behaviours. Excessive avoidance to evade potential threats often leads…
Early efforts to understand the human cerebral cortex focused on localization of function, assigning functional roles to specific brain regions. More recent evidence depicts the…
Psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) include a range of sub-threshold symptoms that resemble aspects of psychosis but do not necessarily indicate the presence of psychiatric illness. These…
Representation of the environment by hippocampal populations is known to drift even within a familiar environment, which could reflect gradual changes in single cell activity…
We developed a human cerebral organoid model derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) with targeted genome editing to abolish protein expression of the Contactin…
