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Mashup Score: 17Risk assessment in pT1 colorectal cancer - 9 hour(s) ago
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignancy worldwide and tumour stage is closely related to clinical outcome. A small but significant proportion of submucosal-invasive (ie, pT1) CRC are associated with regional lymph node metastases (LNM) and a worse prognosis. The likelihood of LNM in pT1 CRC needs to be balanced against the operative risk and costs of surgical resection when determining the best patient management. A wide range of histopathological and clinical factors may affect LNM risk in this setting. This script provides a comprehensive overview of the tumour and patient-associated features that have been linked to LNM risk in pT1 CRC. Some of the features are well established within the literature and are included in published guidelines, while others are novel and emerging in nature. Odds ratios for LNM that are associated with key predictive features are provided where appropriate, and published models developed as an aid to the calculation of LNM risk are discussed.
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Mashup Score: 9
Adenomyosis has long been referred to as the ‘elusive’ condition in gynaecology.1 Clinical diagnosis is complicated by symptoms shared with other gynaecological pathologies. Despite being a common part of preoperative workup, ultrasound and MRI lack both sensitivity and specificity.2 Histological assessment of the uterus, while viewed as gold standard, has an inter-pathologist variation as wide as 10–88%.3 The literature reports multiple reasons for this. Diagnosis predominantly relates to the distance of endometrial glands and stroma from the deepest point of the endomyometrial junction. The extent of invasion required for diagnosis, however, is still a matter of debate,4 with no consensus between pathology services. Furthermore, the spread of adenomyosis …
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Mashup Score: 18
Telomere maintenance and elongation allows cells to gain replicative immortality and evade cellular senescence during cancer development. While most cancers use telomerase to maintain telomere lengths, a subset of cancers engage the alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) pathway for telomere maintenance. ALT is present in 5%–10% of all cancers, although the prevalence is dramatically higher in certain cancer types, including complex karyotype sarcomas, isocitrate dehydrogenase-mutant astrocytoma (WHO grade II–IV), pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours, neuroblastoma and chromophobe hepatocellular carcinomas. ALT is maintained through a homology-directed DNA repair mechanism. Resembling break-induced replication, this aberrant process results in dramatic cell-to-cell telomere length heterogeneity, widespread chromosomal instability and chronic replication stress. Additionally, ALT-positive cancers frequently harbour inactivating mutations in either chromatin remodelling proteins ( ATRX
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Mashup Score: 21
Paired-like homeobox 2B ( PHOX2B ) is a gene essential in the development of the autonomic nervous system. PHOX2B mutations are associated with neurocristopathies—Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) and congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS)—and peripheral neuroblastic tumours. PHOXB2 plays an important role in the diagnostics of these conditions. Genotyping of a PHOX2B pathogenic variant is required to establish a diagnosis of CCHS. In HSCR patients, PHOX2B immunohistochemical staining has proven to be a valuable tool in identifying this disease. Furthermore, PHOXB2 is a predisposition gene for neuroblastoma, in which PHOX2B immunohistochemical staining can be used as a highly sensitive and specific diagnostic marker. The utility of PHOX2B immunohistochemistry in pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma has also been studied but yields conflicting results. In this review, an overview is given of PHOX2B , its associated diseases and the usefulness of PHOX2B immunohistochemistry as a diag
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Mashup Score: 6Journal of Clinical Pathology: 77 (3) - 3 day(s) ago
(12 December, 2023) Jeremy Adler, Khaled Algashaamy, Monica T Garcia de Buitrago, Andre Pinto, Elizabeth Anne Montgomery (24 November, 2023) Alexander T Kikuchi, Naoki Akanuma, Won-Tak Choi, Ryan M Gill, Sanjay Kakar (20 December, 2023) Neil A Shepherd (22 November, 2023) Free Murali Varma, Laura C Collins, Runjan Chetty, Dipti M Karamchandani, Karen Talia, John Dormer, Monika Vyas, Brendan Conn, Yaileen D Guzmán-Arocho, Adam V Jones, Miranda Pring, W Glenn McCluggage (19 February, 2024) Monika Vyas,
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Mashup Score: 6Journal of Clinical Pathology: 77 (3) - 6 day(s) ago
(12 December, 2023) Jeremy Adler, Khaled Algashaamy, Monica T Garcia de Buitrago, Andre Pinto, Elizabeth Anne Montgomery (24 November, 2023) Alexander T Kikuchi, Naoki Akanuma, Won-Tak Choi, Ryan M Gill, Sanjay Kakar (20 December, 2023) Neil A Shepherd (22 November, 2023) Free Murali Varma, Laura C Collins, Runjan Chetty, Dipti M Karamchandani, Karen Talia, John Dormer, Monika Vyas, Brendan Conn, Yaileen D Guzmán-Arocho, Adam V Jones, Miranda Pring, W Glenn McCluggage (19 February, 2024) Monika Vyas,
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Mashup Score: 6Journal of Clinical Pathology: 77 (3) - 7 day(s) ago
(12 December, 2023) Jeremy Adler, Khaled Algashaamy, Monica T Garcia de Buitrago, Andre Pinto, Elizabeth Anne Montgomery (24 November, 2023) Alexander T Kikuchi, Naoki Akanuma, Won-Tak Choi, Ryan M Gill, Sanjay Kakar (20 December, 2023) Neil A Shepherd (22 November, 2023) Free Murali Varma, Laura C Collins, Runjan Chetty, Dipti M Karamchandani, Karen Talia, John Dormer, Monika Vyas, Brendan Conn, Yaileen D Guzmán-Arocho, Adam V Jones, Miranda Pring, W Glenn McCluggage (19 February, 2024) Monika Vyas,
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Mashup Score: 19
Infantile fibrosarcoma (IFS) is a soft tissue tumour of intermediate malignant potential that commonly affects the extremities of young children and is characterised by an ETV6::NTRK3 fusion.1 2 Recurrent copy number changes, including the gain of chromosomes 8, 17 and 20, have been reported in IFS,3–5 but pathogenic mutations in other pathways are rare in this tumour type.6 We previously reported on a 5-year-old male patient with IFS of the right gluteal region/pelvis treated with chemotherapy, radiotherapy and TRK inhibition who developed metastatic, progressive disease with multiple acquired mutations, including TP53, SUFU and an NTRK F617L gatekeeper mutation.7 Due to acquired larotrectinib resistance, he was started on repotrectinib (according to phase I/II study NCT04094610 protocol).8 In this follow-up report, we describe the transformation (dedifferentiation) of the patient’s IFS to a high-grade osteosarcoma. The patient initially presented at 5 months of age with a mass on the
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Mashup Score: 0
Aims To investigate the genomic discordances and heterogeneous mutational burden, PD-L1 expression and immune cell (IC) infiltrates of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) metastasis. Methods Surgical samples from 41 cases of NSCLC with metastatic tumours (MTs) and paired primary tumours (PTs) were collected. PD-L1 expression and ICs were quantified using image-based immunohistochemistry profiling. Whole exome sequencing was employed to explore discrepancies in genomic characteristics, tumour mutational burden (TMB) and tumour neoantigen burden (TNB) in 28 cases. Results Non-synonymous mutations in MTs were slightly more than in PTs, with only 42.34% of mutations shared between paired PTs and MTs. The heterogeneity of TMB showed no significant difference (p=0.785) between MTs and PTs, while TNB significantly increased in MTs (p=0.013). MTs generally exhibited a higher density of PD-L1+ cells and a higher tumour proportion score with a lower density of IC infiltrates. Subgroup analysis co
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Mashup Score: 6Journal of Clinical Pathology: 77 (3) - 11 day(s) ago
(12 December, 2023) Jeremy Adler, Khaled Algashaamy, Monica T Garcia de Buitrago, Andre Pinto, Elizabeth Anne Montgomery (24 November, 2023) Alexander T Kikuchi, Naoki Akanuma, Won-Tak Choi, Ryan M Gill, Sanjay Kakar (20 December, 2023) Neil A Shepherd (22 November, 2023) Free Murali Varma, Laura C Collins, Runjan Chetty, Dipti M Karamchandani, Karen Talia, John Dormer, Monika Vyas, Brendan Conn, Yaileen D Guzmán-Arocho, Adam V Jones, Miranda Pring, W Glenn McCluggage (19 February, 2024) Monika Vyas,
Source: jcp.bmj.comCategories: General Medicine News, General HCPsTweet
Part 3 with Adrian Bateman. 🎙️ Adrian talks about immunohistochemical techniques to detect lymphovascular invasion in pT1 colon cancer. 🔬 It sounds easy enough, but the devil is in the details. 😈🔍 https://t.co/MmOxvb6PtH https://t.co/2amArcbHdh